【摘要】 一. Starting 事前准备 Check the originality of your idea 检查原创性

一. Starting 事前准备

Check the originality of your idea 检查原创性

① Have you done something new and interesting? 你有做了些新的引人兴趣的事吗?

② Is there anything challenging in your work? 在你的研究工作中有任何挑战吗?

③ Is the work directly related to a current hot topic?研究工作与目前热门主题有直接关联吗?

④ Have you provided solutions to any difficult problems? 你有对任何困难的问题提供解决之道吗?

If all answers are “yes”, then start preparing your manuscript. 如果全部的答案都是“yes” ，那么就可开始准备你的论文

如果刚开始写英文文章的话，可以寻找一些写作工具，搭建SCI文章框架

https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.citexs.com/Writing

 

二. Construction of an article 论文架构

1.Title 论文题目

A good title should contain the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of a paper. 一个好的题目应该只含可适当地描述论文内涵的最少可能字数。

Effective titles 有效的题目

*Identify the main issue of the paper 确认论文的主要议题

*Begin with the subject of the paper 从论文的主題开始

*Are accurate, unambiguous,specific, and complete是精准、清楚、明确且完整的

*Do not contain infrequently-used abbreviations 不含罕用的缩写

*Attract readers 吸引读者

title example

 

 

◇ Characterization Of Selenocysteine (SEC) tRNA Population in Drosophila.

◇ Nonrandom Cytogenetic Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Transgenic Mice Overexpressing c-Myc and Transforming Growth Factor Alpha in the Liver.

 

2.Abstract 摘要

There are 3 main types of abstract 有3种主要摘要类型

*Indicative (descriptive) abstract 叙述性摘要

outlines the topics covered in a piece of writing so the reader can decide whether to read the entire document. Often used inreview articles or conference reports. 略述文章所含概的论题，如此读者可以决定是否要看整篇论文。常用于评论论文或研讨会报告

*Informative abstract 信息性摘要

summarize the article based on the IMRAD structure, but without these words explicitly presented 依IMRAD结构来概述论文但没有明确呈现这些文字

*Structured abstract 架构性摘要

Followsheadings required by the journal. Often used in Medical journals.遵循期刊所要求的标题。常用遵循期刊所要求的标题。常于于医学类期刊

Check carefully which type fits the journal of your choice.仔细检查哪种摘要类型适合你所选的期刊

The abstract: the advertisement of your article

*precise and honest 精准且诚实

*Can stand alone 可以独立

*Uses no technical jargon 不用专业术语

*Is brief and specific 简短且明确

*Cites no references 没有引用参考文献

 

3.Keywords: Used for indexing

*Check the Guide for Authors! (Number label definition, thesaurus, range, and other special requests) 检查作者指南! (数字、 标示、定义、汇编、页数与其他特别要求)

*Words selected should reflect the essential topics of the article... Do not select “marketing”.

所选的字应该要反映出论文之基本论題…

*Only use abbreviations firmly and unambiguously established in the field 只使用在该领域明白地确立的缩写。

 

4.Introduction: convince readers that your work is important

Answer a series of questions: 回答一系列问题:

*What is the problem?问题是什么?

*Are there any existing solutions?有任何现行的解决方法吗?

*Which is the best?哪一个是最好的方法?

*What is its main limitation?其主要限制是什么?

*What do you hope to achieve?你希望可以达成什么?

Provide sufficient background information to help readers evaluateyour work.

General background (review articles cited)→>problems investigated particularlyin this piece of research (review the mainpublications on which your work is based.)

一般背景(回顾所引用的文章)→在本研究中所特别钻研的问题(探讨你的研究所根据的主要论文著作)

Convince readers that your work is necessary 说服读者们你的研究是有其必要性。

Use words or phrases like "however""remain unclear" , etc., to address your opinions and work使用字或词组像“然而”、“仍然不明”等来提及你的意见与研究

Pay attention to the following 注意以下事项

*You want to present your new data, but you must put them into perspective first你想要展示你的新数据﹐但是你必须要先透视它们

*Be brief, it is not a history lesson简洁有力﹐这不是历史课

*Do not mix introduction, results, discussion and conclusions. Keep them separate不要混淆绪论﹑结果﹑讨论与结论。将它们分开

*Do not overuse expressions such as "novel", "first time", "first ever"不要过度使用像是"新颖的”﹑"首次”﹑"破天荒第一次"的措辞·

 

 

5.Methods

①how did you study the problem?

The basic principle: to provide sufficientinformation so that a knowledgeable reader can reproduce the experiment, or the derivation.基本原则：提供充足的信息以便有见识的读者可以复制此试验或研究起源

*Empirical papers实证论文

material studied, area descriptions研究材料,区域说明

methods, techniques, theories applied方法、技巧、所应用的理论

*Case study papers个案研究论文

application of existing methods, theory or tools现存方法、理论或工具之应用

special settings in this piece of work此研究的特别情景

*Methodology papers方法论论文

materials and detailed procedure of a novelexperimentation一项新颖实验的材料与细节过程

scheme, flow,and performance analysis of a newalgorithm一个新算法的计划、流程与绩效分析

②analytical techniques? 分析技巧?

*Describe analytical methods if not universally understood解释不被普遍了解的分析方法

*Why was this method chosen?为什么选择这个方法?

*What are the method' s data requirements?使用这个方法的数据必要条件是什么?

*What are the major concerns when using this technique?用这个方法时的主要顾虑是什么?

*If necessary cite justification for selection of the method.如果有需要引述正当的理由来解释为何选择此方法。

 

 

6.Results– what have you found?

①The following should be included in this part.研究结果应包含以下部分

*The main findings listed in association with the methods与研究方法有关联的主要发现陈述

*The highlighted difference between your results and theprevious publications (especially in case study papers)你的结果与先前的论文著作(尤其是个案研究论文)之间的差异显现

*Results of statistical analysis 统计分析结果

*Results of performance analysis (especially in methodology, or algorithm papers)绩效分析结果(尤其是方法论或算法性论文)

*A set of principle equations or theorems supporting the assumptions after a long chain of inferences (especially in thetheory papers)在一长串推论后，一组支持假定的原理方程式或定理(尤其是理论性论文)

②Make captions self-sufficient 使标题一目了然

The captions of figures and tables should contain sufficient information to make the figures selfexplanatory 图表标题应有充足的信息使图一目了然，不需再多加解。

注意以下事项

① No illustrations should duplicate the information described elsewhere in the manuscript.图表的说明不应复制自论文内在其他处已叙述的信息

② Do not use confusing figures! 不要用令人眼花瞭乱的图

③Appearances count! 外观重要

*每个图绘制3或4个数据集;

*使用副图面板来组装能说明同一类型问题的图

*精选尺度; 适当的轴标号大小;符号清晰可见，数据集容易区分

 

 

7.Discussion(讨论) – what the results mean

① Check for the following:检查以下事项:

* How do your results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the Introduction section?你的结果是如何与原本在绪论中所概述的研究问题或目标有相关?

* Can you reach your conclusion smoothly after your discussion?你可以在讨论完后，很顺畅地得出你的结论吗?

* Do you provide interpretation for each of your results presented?你有为每一呈現的结果提供解释吗?

*Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported? Or are there any differences? Why?你的结果与其他研究者所记述的结果一致吗?或是有不同的差异?为什么?

*Are there any limitations?有任何限制吗?

② Do not不要

*Make statements that go beyond what the results can support做超出结果所能支持的陈述

*Suddenly introduce new terms or ideas突然介绍新的术语或想法

③ Quantitative description is always preferred.数量化叙述总是较好的

(Poor : There was a significant relationship between last year’s satisfaction score and this years profit margins.

Better: There was a.72R2 between profit margin and year earlier customer satisfaction scores)

 

 

8.Conclusion(结论)

*提出与研究目标有关的全面和具体结论。

*指明使用，扩展和限制(如果适用)

*建议未来的实验并指出正在进行的实验

 

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